Volume 19, Issue 4. Previous Article Next Article. Article Navigation. Articles April 01 Cephalosporins: An Update Charles G. Prober Charles G. This Site. Google Scholar. Pediatr Rev 19 4 : — Cite Icon Cite. Cefoxitin is the most active cephalosporin-like agent against anaerobic bacteria.
You do not currently have access to this content. Comments Icon Comments 0. View full article. Sign in Don't already have an account? Individual Login. Collins CD, Scheidel C, Anam K, et al : Impact of an antibiotic side chain-based cross-reactivity chart combined with enhanced allergy assessment processes for surgical prophylaxis antimicrobials in patients with beta-lactam allergies.
Clin Infect Dis pii:ciaa, J Am Pharm Assoc 48 4 —, Cephalosporins are widely considered to be safe for use during pregnancy. No studies have shown risk to human fetuses, but rigorous prospective studies have not been done.
Cephalosporins can enter breast milk and may alter bowel flora of the infant. Thus, use during breastfeeding is often discouraged. Hypersensitivity reactions Overview of Allergic and Atopic Disorders Allergic including atopic and other hypersensitivity disorders are inappropriate or exaggerated immune reactions to foreign antigens. Inappropriate immune reactions include those that are Clostridioides formerly Clostridium difficile—induced diarrhea Clostridioides formerly Clostridium difficile—Induced Diarrhea Toxins produced by Clostridioides difficile strains in the gastrointestinal tract cause pseudomembranous colitis, typically after antibiotic use.
Symptoms are diarrhea, sometimes bloody, rarely Leukopenia Overview of Leukopenias Leukopenia is a reduction in the circulating white blood cell WBC count to read more. Thrombocytopenia Overview of Platelet Disorders Platelets are cell fragments that function in the clotting system.
Thrombopoietin helps control the number of circulating platelets by stimulating the bone marrow to produce megakaryocytes, Hypersensitivity reactions are the most common systemic adverse effects; rash is common, but immediate IgE-mediated urticaria and anaphylaxis are rare.
Cross-sensitivity between cephalosporins and penicillins is uncommon; cephalosporins can be given cautiously to patients with a history of delayed hypersensitivity to penicillin if necessary. However, cephalosporins should not be used in patients who have had an anaphylactic reaction to penicillin.
Pain at the IM injection site and thrombophlebitis after IV use may occur. Cefotetan may have a disulfiram -like effect when ethanol is ingested, causing nausea and vomiting. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world. The Manual was first published in as a service to the community. Learn more about our commitment to Global Medical Knowledge. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here.
Common Health Topics. Videos Figures Images Quizzes Symptoms. First-generation cephalosporins Second-generation cephalosporins and cephamycins Third-generation cephalosporins Fourth-generation cephalosporins Fifth-generation cephalosporins. Contraindications references.
Use During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding. Adverse Effects. Bacteria and Antibacterial Drugs. Test your knowledge. Human papillomavirus HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection and can cause skin warts, genital warts, or certain cancers. Of the many different strains of HPV, which of the following is most likely to cause visible genital warts? More Content. Cephalosporins By Brian J. Click here for Patient Education.
All cephalosporins penetrate poorly into intracellular fluid and the vitreous humor. Comments Icon Comments 0. View full article.
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